Watan Ramadan shine wata na tara a jerin lissafi na watannin musulunci 12.Kuma kamar yadda aka saba a irin wa]annan munasabobi na watanni akan yi bayanin falalar watan,munasabobi da ke ciki,da kuma ayyukan da ake aikatawa a cikin watan.

FALALAR WATAN RAMADAN

Watan Ramadan wata ne wanda yake da falaloli masu tarin yawa,idan mutum yayi bincike dangane da hadisai da suka zo daga Manzon Allah[S] da kuma Aimma[AS] wa]anda suke bayani kan falaloli na watannin musulunci,zai ga cewa babu wani wata cikin wa]annan watanni 12 da yake da falaloli da darajoji masu yawa kamar watan Ramadan.Ga wasu daga cikin falalolinsa kamar yadda yazo a hadisai.Wata ne wanda Allah Ta’ala a cikinsa yake ‘yanta bayinsa daga wuta,fiye da yadda yake ‘yantawa a sauran watanni.Wata ne wanda Allah Ta’ala ke nunnuka ayyukan bayinsa a ciki.Wata ne wanda a cikinsa tun daga farkonsa har }arshensa }ofofin wuta a kulle suke,}ofofin aljanna kuma a bu]e suke.Wata ne wanda a cikinsa ake ]aure Shai]anu.Wata ne wanda a cikinsa Allah Ta’ala ke gafarta ma bayinsa zunubansu baki ]aya.Wata ne wanda a cikinsa Allah Ta’ala ke ]aukaka darajojin bayinsa.Wata ne wanda a cikinsa Allah Ta’ala ke tsarkake bayinsa ya kuma kusantasu gareshi.Wata ne wanda a cikinsa akwai wani dare wato na Lailatul-}adr wanda ibada a cikinsa,tafi ibadar wata dubu.Wata ne na samun ta}awa fiye da sauran watanni.Wata ne wanda yake da matsayi na shugaban watanni.A ta}aice dai wata ne wanda yake cike da tarin al-hairai da kuma albarkatu masu yawa.

MUNASABOBIN WATAN RAMADAN

          Munasabobin watan Ramadan sune Haihuwar Imam Hassan[AS] da kuma Shahadar Imam Ali[AS].Imam Hassan[AS] an haife shi a wannan wata mai albarka,wato an haife shi ranar talata 15 ga watan Ramadan shekara ta biyu bayan hijira a wata ruwaya  shekara ta ukku.Kuma wannan suna nasa Hassan saukakke ne daga sama wato wahayi ne Allah Ta’ala yayi da a sa masa wannan suna mai albarka.Domin yazo a tarihi cewa lokacin da aka haife shi Manzon Allah[S] yaje wannan gida mai albarka na su Sayyida Zahra[AS] ya ]auki wannan abin haihuwa mai albarka yai masa addu’a,saannan yace ma Imam Ali shin ka sa masa suna? Sai yace ban kasance zan riga ka ba wajen sa masa suna,sai Manzon Allah yace ban kasance zan riga Allah Ta’ala ba wajen sa masa suna.Sai Allah Ta’ala yayi wahayi ga Mala’ika Jibril da ya sauka ya mi}a sallama ga Manzon Allah ya kuma taya shi murna,haka nan kuma yasa masa suna Hassan.Imam Hassan yayi kama da Manzon Allah a halitta daga }irjinsa zuwa kansa.Nan kuma wasu sassa ne na rayuwar Imam Hassan[AS].1- Haihuwarsa:An haife shi ranar talata 15 ga watan Ramadan.2-Nasabarsa:Kamar yadda aka sani sunan mahaifiyarsa Sayyida Zahra[AS] Sunan mahaifinsa Imam Ali[AS].3-Nash’a]insa:Imam Hassan an haife shi a madina a nan ya rayu anan kuma ya rasu,amma ya zauna a garin Kufa kusan shekaru 6,bayan shahadar Imam Ali ya bar kufa ya dawo Madina.4-La}}ubbansa:Yana da la}ubba masu yawa amma wanda yafi shahara shine Assib]i,haka nan kuma ana yi masa kinaya da Abu Muhammad.5-Shekarunsa:Ya rayu a duniya shekaru 47 ne.6-Muddan Imamancinsa:Shekaru 10 ne.7-‘Ya’yansa:Yana da ‘ya’ya 15,maza 8 mata bakwai.8-Wafatinsa:Ya rasu ranar Alhamis 7 ga watan safar a wata ruwaya 28 gareshi,shekara ta 50 bayan hijira.9-{abarinsa:Yana a madina ne kusa da }abarin kakarsa Fa]ima ‘yar Asad wato mahaifiyar Imam Ali[AS].

          Haka nan kuma a ranar 17 ga wannan wata na Ramadan aka yi ya}in Badar,wanda shine ya}in farko a tarihi na ya}o}i da Manzon Allah ya yi,kuma adadin sahabbai da suka yi wannan ya}i su 313 ne.

          A daren 21 ga wannan wata na Ramadan Imam Ali ya rasu sakamakon sararsa da takobi da aka yi lokacin da yake limancin sallar Asuba a masallacin kufa,bayan faruwar wannan abu yayi jinya ta kwana biyu,domin wannan abu ya faru a daren 19 ga watan Ramadan,ya rasu a daren 21 ga watan Ramadan,shekara ta 40 bayan hijira.Ya rayu a duniya shekaru 63 ne,lokacin da Manzon Allah ya rasu yana da shekaru 33 ne,wato Imam Ali ya rayu bayan Manzon Allah shekaru 30.Mutum yayi tunani da a ce shine yayi khalifanci mubasharatan bayan Manzon Allan irin anfanuwa da wannan al-umma zata yi da shi,mu duba shekaru biyar da yayi na khalifanci a zahirance irin ]inbin ilimin da ya gadar duk ko da yayi sune cikin matsaloli,misali ga Nahjul-Balaga wanda hu]ubobinsa ne da jawabansa da kuma wasi}unsa da yayi cikin wa]annan shekaru biyar.Haka nan kuma mutum yayi tunani dangane da dangartaka tsakanin haihuwarsa da kuma shahadarsa,wato an haife shi a cikin ka’aba,an kashe shi a cikin masallaci wanda yake nuna akwai wani asraru a ciki.

AYYUKAN DA AKE AIKATAWA A WATAN RAMADAN

          Wannan wata na Ramadan wata ne wanda yake da ayyuka na ibadodi masu yawa,babu wani wata daga cikin watanni na musulunci da ya kai shi ayyuka na ibadodi.Akwai ma wani Malami mai suna Ayatullahi Sayyid Abbas Al-husainiy Al-kashaniy da ya rubuta littafi mai suna MINHAJUL-JINAN  FI AAMALI SHAHARI  RAMADAN wanda in mutum ya duba littafin zai ga cewa baki ]ayan abin da ke cikinsa ayyuka ne na watan Ramadan kuma babban littafi ne domin ya kai girman littafin mafatihul- jinan.Ayyuka na watan Ramadan sun kasu kashi biyu,Akwai ayyuka na Aam:Sune ayyukan da ake son aikatawa tun daga farkon watan har ya zuwa }arshensa.Akwai kuma ayyuka na khaas:Sune ayyukan da ake aikatawa a muhimman darare ko ranaku na watan Ramadan misali daren farko ko ranar farko na watan,ko kuma daren 13,14,15 ko daren 19,21,23.Bayani dangane da wa]annan ayyuka na Aam da Khaas mutum na iya duba littafin Mafatihul jinan babi na biyu fasali na ukku.Saboda haka yana da muhimmanci ga kowannenmu yayi mujahada wajen ganin cewa ya tsayu da ayyuka na watan Ramadan musamman ma addu’oi ma’asurai wato wa]anda aka ruwaito daga Ma’asumin[AS]misali addu’oin da ake biyawa bayan salloli na wajibai ko wa]anda ake biyawa bayan sallolin na nafilfili na watan Ramadan,ko wa]anda ake biyawa cikin yini ko da daddare kamar addu’ar Iftitah.Asalinta addu’a ce da aka samo daga Imam Mahdi[AF] kuma ya umarci shi’arsa da su dunga karantata ko wane dare a cikin watan Ramadan.Haka nan akwai addu’oi da ake son karanta su lokacin As-har wato }arshen dare gabanin ketowar Alfijir,kamar Addu’ar Bahaa,addu’a ce wadda take da Asrar masu yawa,Imam Khumaini ya rubuta littafi kan sharhin wannan addu’a da kuma bayanin Asrar dake cikinta.A ta}aice dai addu’a ce da duk wanda ya karanta ta bayan haka ya gabatar da bu}atunsa,to insha-Allah zai samu biyan bu}ata.Daga cikin addu’oin da ake son karantawa a lokacin As-har akwai addu’ar Abi-Hamzata-sumaaliy tana da ]an tsawo,amma duk da haka ana son mutum ya dage ya dunga karanta ta ko wane dare,Akwai malaman shi’a masu yawa wa]anda sun hardace wannan addu’a ta Abi-Hamzata da ita suke }unuti na sallar witri ko wane dare a watan Ramadan da kuma sauran watanni na shekara baki ]aya.Saboda haka tsayuwa da wa]annan addu’oi baki ]aya na watan Ramadan mai yiyuwa ne ga kowannen mu.Haka nan kuma ana son mutum ya yawaita karatun Al-}ur’ani a cikin watan Ramadan,in ma son samu ne ace duk kwana ukku mutum ya sauke,a watan kenan mutum ya samu sauka goma.Yazo akan cewa daga cikin Aimma na Ahlul bayt akwai wanda yake sauke Al}ur’ani sau 40 a cikin watan Ramadan,wato kullum sai ya sauke da ma }ari.Haka nan kuma ana son mutum ya yawaita salloli,musamman ma sallolin da suka zo a ruwayoyi na hadisai  wa]anda ake son yin su a watan Ramadan,wato dai ya kasance babu wata sallah wadda ake son yin ta face mutum yayi ta misali nafila raka’a dubu da ake yi,yadda ake yin ta ko shine tun daga daren farko har ya zuwa daren 20 ga wata mutum zai dunga raka’a 8 bayan sallar Magariba,raka’a 12 bayan sallar Isha’i.A daren 21 zuwa daren 30 mutum zai dunga raka’a 8 bayan magariba,raka’a 22 bayan isha’i.To a daren 19 da 21 da 23 mutum zai yi raka’a 100 wato baya ga wa]ancan raka’oin.Idan mutum ya ha]a su baki ]aya zai ga sun tashi 1000,wannan itace sallar Asham a mahanga ta Ahlul bayt.Haka nan baya ga wa]annan salloli akwai sallar nafila na ko wane dare daga cikin dararen watan Ramadan,mai bu}atar ganin wa]annan salloli yana iya duba mafatihul jinan ko littafin Dhiyaus-salihin.Haka nan daga cikin ayyuka na watan Ramadan akwai yawaita infa}i wato ciyarwa ta fuskoki dabam-dabam misali ciyar da abinci ne wato ]anye ko dafaffe,kyaututtukane,sadakokine da dai sauransu  kamar tufatarwa.A ta}aice dai watan Ramadan wata ne da ake son mutum ya yawaita Ibada,mujahada,infa}i da sauran ayyuka da suke kusanta mutum ga Allah Ta’ala fiye da sauran watanni.Baya ga wa]annan ayyuka ana son mutum ya tsare ga~o~insa na zahiri da ba]ini misali harshensa,idanunsa,kunnuwansa,zuciyarsa  wato yaga cewa bai sa~a ma Allah Ta’ala ba dasu ba. Fata dai shine mutum ya kasance ya fita watan Ramadan da satifiket na ta}awa.

          Daga }arshe muna ro}on Allah Ta’ala ya kar~a mana ayyukanmu da kuma addu’oinmu,ya kuma saka mu cikin ajin bayinsa da yake ‘yantawa a cikin wannan wata,ya kuma azurtamu da fita wannan wata da ta}awa da kuma manyan darajoji.